Relatamos um caso de um militar brasileiro com leishmaniose cutânea, cuja lesão reativou após dois tratamentos sistêmicos com antimoniato de meglumina. Foi tratado com anfotericina B, mas precisou interromper por intolerância à medicação. Após isolamento de Leishmania sp, seis infiltrações intralesionais de antimoniato de meglumina foram realizadas, sem resposta. Promastigotas de Leishmania sp. foram novamente isoladas. Foi submetido a tratamento intramuscular com pentamidina (4mg/kg). Parasitas da primeira e segunda biópsias foram identificados como Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis; os da primeira biópsia eram mais sensíveis ao antimoniato de meglumina in vitro do que os da segunda biópsia. A lesão não reativou.

This is a case report of a Brazilian soldier with cutaneous leishmaniasis. The lesion relapsed following two systemic treatments with meglumine antimoniate. The patient was treated with amphotericin B, which was interrupted due to poor tolerance. Following isolation of Leishmania sp., six intralesional infiltrations of meglumine antimoniate resulted in no response. Leishmania sp promastigotes were again isolated. The patient was submitted to intramuscular 4mg/kg pentamidine. Parasites from the first and second biopsies were identified as Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis; those isolated from the first biopsy were more sensitive to meglumine antimoniate in vitro than those isolated from the second biopsy. No relapse was observed.

A leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA) é de ocorrência endêmica no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sendo a maior incidência observada nos municípios do litoral sul. No período de 1993 a 1995, foram registrados, no Município de Paraty, extremo sul do Estado, 169 casos humanos, o que corresponde a 15% das notificações no estado. Neste trabalho, realizou-se estudo em áreas endêmicas (Praia Grande, Taquari, Várzea do Machado e Graúna) de LTA, com cães residentes no Município de Paraty, entre março e dezembro de 1996. Foram visitadas 315 residências, compreendendo uma população de 1.282 habitantes, com 215 cães estudados. O trabalho inicial consistiu na coleta de sangue venoso, para realização das técnicas sorológicas: Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e Enzyme Linked Immunossorbent Assay (ELISA). O resultado da sorologia foi de 3,2% de positividade para a técnica de Rifi e 10,2% para a de Elisa. A prova intradérmica canina foi realizada na mesma ocasião da coleta de sangue e sua positividade foi de 8,8%. Dos 215 cães, cinco deles apresentaram lesões suspeitas, nos quais realizou-se biópsia e técnica de aspirado a vácuo.

American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is endemic in the State of Rio de Janeiro, with the highest incidence observed in the municipalities along the Southern coast. A total of 169 human cases were reported from 1993 to 1995 in the municipality of Paraty, representing 15% of all case reports in the State of Rio de Janeiro during that period. From March to December, 1996, a survey was conducted in endemic american tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) areas (Praia Grande, Taquari, Várzea do Machado, and Graúna) in Paraty. 326 households with 215 pet dogs were surveyed. The initial study consisted of taking venous blood samples to perform Rifi and Elisa tests. The canine skin test was performed during the same visit and was positive in 8.8% of dogs. Of the 215 dogs, 5 presented lesions suspected of ATL; biopsies and the vacuum aspiration technique were performed on these cases. Correlating the study areas with the results obtained, some dogs presented sub-clinical infection, highly relevant to studies on canine ATL infection in the State of Rio de Janeiro.

A leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA) é de ocorrência endêmica no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sendo a maior incidência observada nos municípios do litoral sul. No período de 1993 a 1995, foram registrados, no Município de Paraty, extremo sul do Estado, 169 casos humanos, o que corresponde a 15% das notificações no estado. Neste trabalho, realizou-se estudo em áreas endêmicas (Praia Grande, Taquari, Várzea do Machado e Graúna) de LTA, com cães residentes no Município de Paraty, entre março e dezembro de 1996. Foram visitadas 315 residências, compreendendo uma população de 1.282 habitantes, com 215 cães estudados. O trabalho inicial consistiu na coleta de sangue venoso, para realização das técnicas sorológicas: Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e Enzyme Linked Immunossorbent Assay (ELISA). O resultado da sorologia foi de 3,2% de positividade para a técnica de Rifi e 10,2% para a de Elisa. A prova intradérmica canina foi realizada na mesma ocasião da coleta de sangue e sua positividade foi de 8,8%. Dos 215 cães, cinco deles apresentaram lesões suspeitas, nos quais realizou-se biópsia e técnica de aspirado a vácuo.

American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is endemic in the State of Rio de Janeiro, with the highest incidence observed in the municipalities along the Southern coast. A total of 169 human cases were reported from 1993 to 1995 in the municipality of Paraty, representing 15% of all case reports in the State of Rio de Janeiro during that period. From March to December, 1996, a survey was conducted in endemic american tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) areas (Praia Grande, Taquari, Várzea do Machado, and Graúna) in Paraty. 326 households with 215 pet dogs were surveyed. The initial study consisted of taking venous blood samples to perform Rifi and Elisa tests. The canine skin test was performed during the same visit and was positive in 8.8% of dogs. Of the 215 dogs, 5 presented lesions suspected of ATL; biopsies and the vacuum aspiration technique were performed on these cases. Correlating the study areas with the results obtained, some dogs presented sub-clinical infection, highly relevant to studies on canine ATL infection in the State of Rio de Janeiro.

A Phase 1 double-blind placebo-controlled study was performed to evaluate a vaccine against American tegumentary leishmaniasis in 61 healthy male volunteers. Side effects and the immune response to the vaccine were evaluated, with 1- and 2- dose schemes, with intervals of 7 or 21 days, each dose containing 1440 mg of protein N antigen of a single strain of Leishmania amazonensis (PH 8) diluted in merthiolated saline (1:10,000). Merthiolated saline and an inert substance were used as placebos. No significant clinical alterations were found following the respective injections in the vaccinated individuals as compared to the placebos, except for local pain, which was associated significantly with injection of the vaccine. The laboratory alterations we observed bore no association with the clinical findings and were unimportant. We observed no differences between the groups with regard to seroconversion or the Montenegro skin test. However, the group that received a single dose of the vaccine and the one that received two doses with a 21-day interval displayed cutaneous induration significantly larger than in the control group, with 100%, 100%, and 66% conversion in the skin test, respectively. We concluded that the vaccine does not present any major side effect that would contraindicate its use in healthy individuals.